Tetrabutylammonium iodide(TBAI) ke motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale o fumaneng tlhokomelo e kholo tšimong ea chemistry ea organic.Ke letsoai le atisang ho sebelisoa e le mokhoa oa ho fetisa karolo.Thepa e ikhethang ea TBAI e e etsa khetho e nepahetseng bakeng sa mefuta e mengata ea karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale, empa ke eng e bakang karabelo ee?
TBAI e tsejoa ka bokhoni ba eona ba ho fetisetsa li-ion lipakeng tsa mekhahlelo e sa khoneheng.Sena se bolela hore se ka etsa hore ho be le likarabelo lipakeng tsa metsoako e neng e ke ke ea khona ho kopana.TBAI e thusa haholo likarabelong tse amang li-halides, joalo ka li-iodide, hobane e ka eketsa ho qhibiliha ha tsona ka har'a metsoako ea manyolo ha li ntse li boloka thepa ea tsona ea ionic.
E 'ngoe ea likopo tse atileng haholo tsa TBAI ke ka har'a motsoako oa metsoako ea manyolo.Ha TBAI e eketsoa tsamaisong ea likarolo tse peli, e ka khothalletsa ho fetisoa ha anions pakeng tsa mekhahlelo, e leng ho nolofalletsang hore ho be le liketso tse ke keng tsa khoneha ntle le tšebeliso ea li-catalyst.Ka mohlala, TBAI e 'nile ea sebelisoa ha ho etsoa li-nitriles tse unsaturated ka karabelo ea li-ketone tse nang le sodium cyanide ka pel'a mokelikeli.
Mochine oa TBAI-catalyzed reactions o itšetlehile ka ho fetisoa ha catalyst pakeng tsa mekhahlelo e 'meli.The solubility ea TBAI ka lihlapolli tsa lintho tse phelang ke senotlolo sa katleho ea eona e le mokelikeli hobane e lumella catalyst ho kenya letsoho karabelong ha e ntse e le karolong ea manyolo.The reaction mechanism e ka akaretsoa ka tsela e latelang:
1. Ho qhalana haTBAImokhahlelong oa metsi
2. Phetisetso ea TBAI ho ea karolong ea manyolo
3. Karabelo ea TBAI le organic substrate ho theha mahareng
4. Ho fetisoa ha karolo e bohareng ho ea karolong e nang le metsi
5. Boitšoaro ba bohareng le motsoako oa metsi ho hlahisa sehlahisoa se lakatsehang
Katleho ea TBAI e le mokelikeli ke ka lebaka la bokhoni ba eona bo ikhethang ba ho fetisetsa li-ion ho pholletsa le mekhahlelo e 'meli, ha e ntse e boloka sebopeho sa bona sa ionic.Sena se finyelloa ke lipophilicity tse phahameng tsa lihlopha tsa alkyl tsa molek'hule ea TBAI e fanang ka tšireletso ea hydrophobic ho pota-potile karolo ea cationic.Karolo ena ea TBAI e fana ka botsitso ho li-ion tse fetisitsoeng mme e etsa hore karabelo e tsoele pele hantle.
Ntle le lits'ebetso tsa synthesis, TBAI e boetse e sebelisitsoe karabelong e fapaneng ea lik'hemik'hale.Ka mohlala, e ’nile ea sebelisoa ha ho etsoa lintho tse tsoang ho amide, amidine le urea.TBAI e boetse e sebelisitsoe liketsong tse kenyelletsang ho thehoa ha carbon-carbon bond kapa ho tlosoa ha lihlopha tse sebetsang tse kang halogens.
Qetellong, mochine oaTBAI-catalyzed reactions e itšetlehile ka ho fetisoa ha li-ion pakeng tsa mekhahlelo e sa tšoaneng, e nolofalitsoeng ke thepa e ikhethang ea molek'hule ea TBAI.Ka ho khothaletsa karabelo lipakeng tsa metsoako e neng e tla be e sa sebetse, TBAI e fetohile sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa bakeng sa litsebi tsa k'hemistri tsa maiketsetso ho pholletsa le mefuta e mengata.Ho sebetsa ha eona le ho feto-fetoha ha maemo ho etsa hore e be mokhoa oa ho thusa ba batlang ho atolosa lisebelisoa tsa bona tsa lik'hemik'hale.
Nako ea poso: May-10-2023